Insights into in vivo glycemic regulations by resistant starch in rodent models

Ezarul Faradianna Lokman¹*, Fatin Saparuddin¹, Aswir Abd Rashed²

1. Endocrine and Metabolic Unit, Nutrition, Metabolism & Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Setia Alam, 40170 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia

2. Nutrition Unit, Nutrition, Metabolism & Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Setia Alam, 40170 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.

*Corresponding author: Ezarul Faradianna Lokman, Endocrine and Metabolic Unit, Nutrition, Metabolism & Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Setia Alam, 40170 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

CITATION: Lokman EF, Saparuddin F, Abd Rashed A. Insights into in vivo glycemic regulations by resistant starch in rodent models. International Medical Research Journal. 2022 Jun;8(1):69–88.

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ABSTRACT
Over the years, resistant starch (RS) rich diet has gained numerous attention due to its health benefits in terms of improving glucose response in healthy or diabetic subjects. This review compiles in vivo studies done over the past 10 years related to the antidiabetic effects of RS prepared in different forms and from different sources; tested specifically in either non-diabetic or diabetic rodents. Few attempts have been made to improve the RS content through several methods including processing techniques, chemical modifications, mixture combinations or cooking methods for glycaemic control. In principle, RS exerts its postprandial blood glucose levels effects through different modes of action particularly in the gastrointestinal tract by inhibiting starch-digesting enzymes activity which ultimately delays carbohydrate digestion and decreases glucose absorption. In addition to in vitro studies, the glucose-lowering effects by different sources of RS were also further tested and confirmed in vivo using numerous test systems including healthy, diabetic and diabetic-induced rodents. This review has shown the beneficial effects of several types of RS in terms of managing postprandial blood glucose levels and glucose regulation in non-diabetic and diabetic rodent models. RS improved pancreatic β-cell islets content, density and functions, which may contribute to the glucose homeostasis in diabetes. The findings based on in vivo studies in rodents may justify further research on different types of RS to be replicated in the suggested animal models or carried out in human trials for diabetes management.

KEYWORDS: Antidiabetic, Glucose-lowering, Glycaemic, Resistant Starch, Type 2 Diabetes