EP_094. Targeting methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA): Antimicrobial efficacy and phytochemical profile of Garcinia mangostana extracts

As’malia Md Lasim^1*, Noor Artika Saadon¹, Maizatul Hasyima Omar¹

1. Herbal Medicine Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, 40170 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia

*Corresponding author: As’malia Md Lasim. This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Garcinia mangostana, commonly known as mangosteen, is traditionally been used for its medicinal benefits, including antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and wound-healing properties. Its pericarp is rich in xanthones, which contribute to these pharmacological activities and are known for broad-spectrum antimicrobial actions, particularly against Gram-positive bacteria, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).

OBJECTIVE(S): This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial potential of G. mangostana pericarp extracts and verify their phytochemical composition.

MATERIALS & METHODS: Pericarp samples were extracted using methanol, ethanol, acetone, and water. Phytochemical qualitative analysis screened triterpenes, flavonoids, phenolics, saponins, and alkaloids. High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) was conducted using xanthones as markers, while Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry with Electrospray Ionization (LCMS-ESI) analysis identified major compounds. Antimicrobial activity against selected bacterial strains was assessed by determining Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) values.

RESULTS: Phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of triterpenes, flavonoids, phenolics, and saponins. HPTLC profiling verified xanthone content, while LCMS-ESI identified α-mangostin, gartanin, 8-deoxygartanin, 9-hydroxycalabaxanthone, and d-3-isomangostin. The methanol and ethanol extracts exhibited the strongest anti-MRSA activity with the lowest MIC and MBC values among the extracts tested.

CONCLUSION: Methanol and ethanol extracts of G. mangostana demonstrated potent antimicrobial activity, particularly against MRSA, with phytochemical analysis confirming the presence of key bioactive compounds. These findings support G. mangostana as a promising natural antimicrobial agent.

KEYWORDS: Garcinia mangostana, Antimicrobial, Phytochemical Analysis, Xanthones, MRSA